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Zeta PALS. Zeta Potential Analyzer Utilizing Phase Analysis Light Scattering
Features at a glance
- Zeta potential for the difficult cases...
- In organic solvents
- In oily or viscous media
- In high-salt suspensions
- Near the I.E.P.
- 1000 times more sensitive than other techniques
- Disposable cuvettes, no contamination or alignment
- Built in automatic procedures and parameters
- Easy to use
- Upgradable to include full particle sizing functionality
A whole new concept.....
Unique to Brookhaven! For the difficult cases
For measurements of very low mobilities, the Brookhaven ZetaPALS is the answer. The only answer! With concepts developed at Bristol University and Brookhaven Instruments, the ZetaPALS determines zeta potential using Phase Analysis Light Scattering: A technique that is up to 1,000 times more sensitive than traditional light scattering methods based on the shifted frequency spectrum.
Electrostatic repulsion of colloidal particles is often the key to understanding the stability of any dispersion. A simple, easy measurement of the electrophoretic mobility "even in nonpolar liquids" yields valuable information. Measurements made in water and other polar liquids are easy and fast with the Brookhaven ZetaPlus. Such measurements cover the range of typically ±6 - 100 mV, corresponding to mobilities of ± 0.5-8x10-8 m2 /V·s. The ZetaPALS covers this full range, of course, and extends it by a factor of 1000 in sensitivity!
Principles of Operation
The ZetaPALS utilizes phase analysis light scattering to determine the electrophoretic mobility of charged, colloidal suspensions. Unlike its cousin, Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) (sometimes called Laser Doppler Electrophoresis (LDE)), the PALS technique does not require the application of large fields which may result in thermal problems. Because in the measurement of phase shift, the particles need only to move a fraction of their own diameter to yield good results. In salt concentrations up to 3 molar and with electric fields as small as 1 or 2 V/cm enough movement is induced to get excellent results. In addition, the Autotracking feature compensates for thermal drift.
 
Typical Applications
- Liposomes and biocolloids
- Ceramics and refractories
- Pigments and inks
- Pharmaceuticals
- Emulsions (foodstuffs, cosmetics)
- Wastewater treatment monitoring
- Latexes
- Carbon blacks
Specifications
| Zeta Potential |
Size range for measurement |
1 nm to 100 ÷ |
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Mobility range |
10-11 to 10-7 m2/V*s |
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Zeta potential range |
-220 mV to 220 mV (*) |
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Maximum sample concentration |
10% v/v (*) |
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Sample volume |
180 ÷L, 600 ÷L, 1250 ÷L |
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Maximum sample conductivity |
30 S/m |
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Signal processing |
Phase Analysis Light Scattering, PALS |
| Particle Size |
Size range (radius) |
< 0.3 nm to > 3 microns (*) |
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Sample volume |
10 ÷L, 40 ÷L, 1 - 3 mL |
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Concentration range |
0.1 mg/mL to 10% v/v (*) |
| Molecular Weight |
Molecular weight range (estimated from hydrodynamic diameter) |
1 KDa to 25 MDa |
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Molecular weight range (calculated using Debye plot) requires BI-APD |
1 KDa to 25 MDa |
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Minimum sample volume |
10 ÷L |
| General |
Temperature control range |
-5 °C to 110 °C, + 0.2 °C |
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Measurement angles |
Three angles, two for particle sizing one for zeta potential |
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Condensation control |
Purge facility using dry air, nitrogen preferred |
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Standard laser |
35 mW red diode laser, nom 660 nm |
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Correlator |
TurboCorr, 25 ns min, 100% real-time, 100% eff. |
| System Compliance |
CE certification |
Class I laser product, EN 60825-1:2001, CDRH |
| System |
Dimensions |
23.3 cm x 42.7 cm x 48.1 cm (HWD) |
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Weight |
15 kg |
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Power |
100/115/220/240 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 150 W max |
| Notes: (*) Sample type dependant. |
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